dartmoor stone circle walk

At the sharp left bend in front of Cherryford House turn right to Scorhill and carry on up the hill under the trees to the end of the lane at he vehicle turning area and the gateway that leads out onto Scorhill Down and the open moors at SX660 877. Three of the stones are of post type and eight are upright slabs. At this point a small detour to our right, along the path will take us to Scorhill stone circle at SX654 873. Continue to Round Pound at SX 664 868 on your left.Round Pound is so impressively built that even the local road has been built in a curve around the outside. Continue up the hill and along the grassy bridle path aiming for the top of the hill ahead of you. After going through the wall turn down to the right instead of carrying on to the large Teignhead Clapper Bridge but go down the slope to the small clapper foot bridge over the steam. LEVEL: Strenuous. Dartmoor Walks & Experiences Dartmoor's Daughter - Walks & Nature Connection Experiences on Dartmoor, Devon We use cookies to help us improve, promote, and protect our services. Scorhill Circle is arguably the most impressive stone circle having the largest stones, one of which is over 8 feet in height. A further 12 recumbent stones lie where they have fallen." Merrivale circle was excavated in 1871 by Spence Bate. Vol 24 (1894) p.303-4. The restoration was supervised by Baring-Gould. Fyfe, Ralph M. & Greeves, Tom The date and context of a stone row: Cut Hill, Dartmoor, south-west England Antiquity Vol 84, No. This will lead you up to the impressive double stone rows on the hillside. Go through the gate and along the footpath through the gorse bushes. The Dartmoor Walks website suggests a few walks for those interested in visiting the ancient settlements and antiquities such as stone rows and stone circles on Dartmoor. Dartmoor Walks This wonderful National Park in south Devon is a haven for walkers with miles waymarked trails. You come to a second wall leading from the forest on the left, and there is a gate and stile to use in crossing it. The other notable excavation was of the Cholwich town stone row and cairn circle carried out in 1964 by George Eogan. The circle consists of 23 granite slabs up to 2.5m high with a further 11 recumbent stones. +44 (0) 7817 329584info@dartmoorsdaughter.comSign up to our newsletter here, Navigation Skills for Beginners (or Refresher), The King Way Walk - Dartmoor Walking Festival. Butler, J. Dartmoor Atlas of Antiquities: Vol. The circle is marked on Ordnance Survey . Join us for a stunning walk to Langstone Moor stone circle. 18See, Emmett, D.D., Stone rows: the traditional view reconsidered, D.A.S.P. The archaeologists define stone circles as being sites which do not contain burials and as such are thought to be purely ritual monuments. +44 (0) 7817 329584info@dartmoorsdaughter.comSign up to our newsletter here, Fungal Foray - Beginners (morning session). In contrast to medieval boundaries, which tend to be higgledy-piggledy patchworks, reaves follow the contours, sometimes for miles, which must have involved a high degree of sophistication and technical skill in surveying and central planning. These rows, some of which have little cairn-circles at their higher ends, are still an enigma: no one knows for sure why they were built. The circle is 26.8m (88 feet) across. The third stone is partly obscured by the bank of the South Hill Leat (SX 68 SW 97). The 8 stone circles form an approximate arc so, taking an archaeological as well as phenomenological approach, we will journey together - sometimes in silence and sometimes sharing our experiences - through this wild and beautiful landscape asking questions of the ancestors, stones, and land along the way. Burnard, Robert, Dartmoor Pictorial Records Vol. There are stone rows and cairns close to the Fernworthy, Merrivale, Shovel Down and Tottiford circles. Likewise at Hurston ridge the stone row is similarly partially incorporated into an enclosed settlement20. Karin Murray-Bergquist. The best known of many prehistoric settlements on Dartmoor, Grimspound dates from the late Bronze Age (about 1450-700 BC). Welcome to Dartmoor walks Get to know Dartmoor's towns and villages and learn about the landscape and rich history of the surrounding areas with this series of introductory walking routes.. There are a large number of settlements consisting of "hut circles" which can be seen all over Dartmoor except on the highest moorland. 8see also NMR SX 68 NE 63 Places to Visit near Haytor. DNP Post 3D.Nearby sites: SX65498413, Prehistoric Dartmoor Walks: Dartmoor Site: Grey Wethers Double Stone CircleOS Map: SX 63875 83161NMR record: SX 68 SW 1HER record: 6758Megalithic Portal: 532PMD: Grey Wethers Stone CirclesShort Name: SC Grey Weth NTurner: G4DPD: 134Dimensions (m): 31.5Nearby sites: SX63888316, Prehistoric Dartmoor Walks: Dartmoor Site: Grey Wethers Double Stone CircleOS Map: SX 63874 83121NMR record: SX 68 SW 1HER record: 6759Megalithic Portal: 532PMD: Grey Wethers Stone CirclesShort Name: SC Grey Weth STurner: G2DPD: 134Dimensions (m): 33.0Notes: This site is one of the most impressive on Dartmoor. Finish time will be approximately 6-7pm depending on our group pace and how long you want to spend in the circles. It cannot be proved that these fires were caused by these early farmers but it would seem most likely. It is on the same arc as the previously known circles in northeastern Dartmoor.Nearby sites: SX63028281, OS Map: SX 54683 89587NMR record: SX 58 NW 21HER record: 4626Megalithic Portal: 3472PMD: Sourton (Corn Ridge) Stone CircleShort Name: SC SourtonTorsTurner: G3Dimensions (m): 32.0Notes: "A stone circle, diameter about 110 ft and appearing to have comprised 32 stones of which all but six remain where they have fallen, has been discovered between Sourton Tors and Cornridge. 12See for example; Worth, Petit, Gerrard, Butler, Newman Many of these monuments appear to be associated with nearby settlements and with burial sites. 4 p.71 These prehistoric stone circles form an approximate arc. Pettit, Paul Prehistoric Dartmoor (David & Charles, 1974) So far we do not even have accurate dating evidence for these monuments although it seems that they are from the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age. These settlers were responsible for the remarkable construction of the widespread and systematic field boundaries known as reaves. The site would have been impressive in its day and is one of the only ones sited on the top of high ground and has a fine view of the surrounding area. No liability accepted for accidents or incidents. Easy. which was formed by the Devonshire Association in 1893. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The Tolmen Stone is a massive boulder lying on the bed of The River Teign. All the stones are quite small but they have recently been excavated by one of the Dartmoor volunteers so they are all quite visible. Vol 34 pp.116-7 (1902) 11Gerrard p.25 The path becomes more distinct as you pass Gidleigh Tor hidden amongst the trees up on your left. Lethbridge pp.16-18, diagram 16.Nearby sites: SX55367464, Prehistoric Dartmoor Walks: Dartmoor Site: Scorhill Stone CircleOS Map: SX 65458 87399NMR record: SX 68 NE 26HER record: 6122Megalithic Portal: 540PMD: Scorhill Stone CircleShort Name: SC ScorhillButler map: 38.8Turner: G6DPD: 146Dimensions (m): 27.0Notes: One of the most impressive stone circles on Dartmoor and one of the few that has not been restored. Also known as the Throwleigh circle. 2018-04-04 15:30:28. A number of Mesolithic flints were found and a burnt hazelnut shell which was carbon dated to the very late Mesolithic (calibrated date was 4590-4450 cal. Once crossed a small detour downstream again will lead you to the ancient Teign-e-ver Clapper Bridge, bonded together with iron straps. At a point opposite the end of the plantation is found the Tolmen Stone. White, Paul Ancient Dartmoor - An Introduction (Bossiney Books, 2000) 15The precise date range for the Neolithic period varies according to different authors. These rows are typically between 100m and 200m in length. Vol. Creaber moor gate in Gidleigh. There are theories that they have an astronomical connection but the evidence to support this is lacking, indeed most of the circles are, much like most of the stone rows, only very roughly constructed. (Blue route) Into the valley of the North Teign River to Gidleigh then to Scorhill Down and the Tolmen Stone and back to Batworthy Corner. The Palaeolithic (c. 350000 - 10000 BC) is essentially the "old" Stone Age and can be roughly described as a hunter-gather period of development with more than one Homo species. Vol 34 pp.116-7 (1902) . . For photos of this site, see: Megalithic Portal: Down Ridge - Stone CircleNearby sites: SX655127208, Prehistoric Dartmoor Walks: Dartmoor Site: Fernworthy Stone CircleOS Map: SX 65486 84126NMR record: SX 68 SE 56HER record: 6534Megalithic Portal: 530PMD: Fernworthy Stone CircleShort Name: SC FernworthTurner: G13DPD: 138Dimensions (m): 19.3Notes: The Fernworthy circle is part of a group of ceremonial monuments including 3 stone rows and 5 cairns that may once have rivalled Merrivale and Shovel Down as ceremonial centres. Stone Circle Walk Dartmoor's Daughter - Walks & Nature Connection Experiences on Dartmoor, Devon We use cookies to help us improve, promote, and protect our services. +44 (0) 7817 329584info@dartmoorsdaughter.comSign up to our newsletter here, Navigation Skills for Beginners (or Refresher), Kings of the Solar System - Jupiter & Saturn. Chambered tombs (or their remains) such as those at Corringdon Ball, Cuckoo Ball and Spinsters Rock (near Drewsteignton) are from this period12. The Grey Wethers, Brisworthy and White Moor (Little Hound Tor) circles were all restored and are impressive although they have smaller stones than Scorhill. Video posnetek. Group size is limited so pre-booking is essential. If you cancel after the six weeks, we would advise you please try to resell/pass on your ticket and/or we can try to re-sell your ticket (we sometimes have a waitlist although there is no guarantee) we can then offer a credit note for the ticket price (minus the 1 booking fee and minus a 5 admin fee). You will be able to transfer your booking to another walk. As well as restorations the D.E.C. One of the stones, lying down, has some signs of an attempt to split it using the feather and tare method. These early humans were not Homo sapiens but of the same genus Homo. Typically cairn circles on Dartmoor are much smaller in size with very few having diameters greater than 20 metres. (Devon Books, 1997) These early farmers are thought to have used wooden shelters and no evidence remains of their settlements. And sharing lessens our impact on the environment. The circle was excavated by the Dartmoor Exploration Committee in 1897. The exact purpose of these prehistoric monuments is unknown. Sit by the open fire and enjoy some renowned Dartmoor . Thank you. 1014 Dartmoor Pl is a 3 bedroom, 2 bathroom apartment. apart and from 0.3m. Dartmoor's Daughter: Dartmoor stone circles - See 335 traveler reviews, 164 candid photos, and great deals for Dartmoor National Park, UK, at Tripadvisor. The Manor of Gidleigh was owned by the Prouz family from the 13th Century until the 16th Century and it was William de Prouz who built the fortified Manor House, now known as Gidleigh Castle, in about 1324. Gutter Tor 4. They found that the interior of the circle was covered in a layer of charcoal suggesting that it had been the scene of very many fires - perhaps funeral pyres or feasts. Dartmoor Circular Walks There are lots of ways to explore and enjoy Devon and Dartmoor, whether on foot, by bike or on the back of a horse; but by far the most popular is by walking. National Grid Reference: SX5329 7512. 14Bate (1872), see Report on the Prehistoric Antiquities of Dartmoor Since the days of the Dartmoor Exploration Committee when hundreds of hut circles and other monuments were excavated in a decade or so of frantic activity only a few Dartmoor monuments have been excavated. An associated outlying standing stone is located 85 meters south-east of the stone circle and survives as a triangular shaped block up to 0.86 meters high." On the banks of the North Teign River along here can be found the Tolmen Stone, a holed stone said to have been used for fertility and healing rituals. Thanks to Simon Dell of Moorland Guides for this walk. Pre-war photos give a sense of how spectacular this site used to be. These are all under a metre in height, and the ring measures about 8 metres in diameter. 19Wessex Archaeology Time Team Report Appendix 2 Radiocarbon Report on Charred Hazelnut Shell p. 37 (2011) Directions will be forwarded closer to the date. At the end of the plantation turn left and only a few hundred yards will bring you to Batworthy Corner and your vehicle. It takes place on the weekend of 9 and 10 June. Today the circle is fairly dilapidated. This has some similarity with the Shovel Down Ceremonial Complex which has stone rows and a stone circle which are thought to date to the late Neolithic or early Bronze Age (approx 2500-1300 B.C.). Click here for more information on cookies and our Privacy Notice. 25The most convincing evidence for an astronomical alignment at a Dartmoor stone row is at Down Tor (Hingstone Hill). Gerrrad p. 24 uses c 4500-2300 BC. Whilst stone circles are not unique to the British Isles the examples in the rest of Europe are typically later and smaller and usually surround burial mounds, the exception being stone circles in Brittany which are similar to those found in the south-west peninsular of England and probably have the same cultural roots2. This stone appears to have been removed from the original circumference, and its height is 1.4m. The singular feature of this outer circle is that the three stones are of a fine elvan, entirely different from the nature of the stones in the inner circle, with the exception of one, which also is of elvan.". At sunrise around the summer solstice the shadows of the stones leading to the cairn circle are cast back from one stone to the next along the length of the row. You could then either go down to Chagford (and get the bus back to exeter) or carry on further. These are thought to mostly date from the Bronze Age although it is thought that some could be late Neolithic or built on earlier Neolithic sites. It gave way after the last ice age, around 12 thousand years ago, to a gradual move towards farming - the Mesolithic or middle stone age period. There has been considerable interest, not only in Devon, in the announcement this year of a recently discovered stone circle high on Dartmoor. The existence of groups of circles adds intrigue to the unknown purpose of stone circles. Sorry we know it seems onerous but, given current government guidelines,these are currently being proposed by all guides.). The circle was first described by Dr Milles in 1772 who reported around 70 stones. Published April 4, 2022. Carry on down the other side of the hill along the wide grassy path until you reach a small bridge over a leat. Grid Ref: SX663868Nearest postcode is TQ138ET but Sat Nav is unlikely to get you to the exact location (it usually stops about 3/4 mile before the meeting point near the hamlet of Teigncombe) so please follow the directions which will be emailed to participants. For a photo of this site, see: Megalithic Portal: Buttern E - Stone CircleNearby sites: SX64958848, OS Map: SX 65516 72084NMR record: SX 67 SE 64HER record: 6400Megalithic Portal: 863PMD: Down Ridge Stone CircleShort Name: SC DownRidgeTurner: G9DPD: 92Dimensions (m): 25.0Notes: Also known as Hexworthy Circle. Continue to the top of the hill, with views to your left of Kestor Rock and the trees where you parked your car a couple of hours ago. These are thought to have been used as places of ritual or burial, and the largest of these is the Bronze Age stone circle at Merrivale. Legendary Dartmoor: Dartmoor's Prehistoric Langstone Moor, Little Hound Tor (or White Moor) Stone Circle, Dartmoor Site: Little Hound Tor Stone Circle, Legendary Dartmoor: Dartmoor's Bronze Age Landscape of Whitmoor, Dartmoor Site: Mardon Down Stone Circle & Cairns, Dartmoor Site: Merrivale Ceremonial Complex [Photo Set 2], Legendary Dartmoor: Merrivale Ceremonial Complex, Legendary Dartmoor: Scorhill Stone Circle, Dartmoor Site: Shovel Down Ceremonial Complex, Megalithic Portal: Shovel Down NW stone circle, Megalithic Portal: Sourton Tors Stone Circle. Dartmoor National Park is in South West England in the county of Devon. 20Newman (2011) p.25, Gerrard (1997) p.24 29 pp.145-65 (1897) The Dartmoor Way is a new 108-mile hiking route that circumnavigates Dartmoor, just within the edges of the national park. 8Burl p344-5 & Turner pp.80-2 After Kestor Rock the route back to Batworthy Corner and your vehicle is down a well-worn path over the grassy slopes. Both circles have 30 stones. In 2012 tin beads were discovered when the Whitehorse Hill cist was excavated which perhaps for the first time gives an indication of tin working on Dartmoor during the Bronze Age16. Wessex Archaeology Time Team Report: Tottiford Reservoir, Archaeological Evaluation and Assessment of Results (2011) The East Dartmoor National Nature Reserve and Bovey Valley holds many clues and can tell many stories about our ancestors' lives in the area. Thank you. Hiking to its summit offers unforgettable views and a rewarding king-of-the-mountain feeling. Today only 3 stones remain intact with 10 having been destroyed and the rest overturned during World War Two. 27-86 (1990) 2256 Meadow Oak Cir. At the time only 9 stones remained standing in the north circle and 7 in the south circle. The Dartmoor stone circles are mostly of a similar local character and do not include characteristics such as central pillars found in some of the circles in Cornwall such as Boscawen-Un. This figure is often quoted by authors but it should be pointed out that Burl (1976) is including stone rings or cairn circles. Just a brief walk from the town square lay the moor . Photo by Zoe Lester taken on 04/09/22. 20Gerrard p.25, Baring-Gould, S A Book of Dartmoor (Halsgrove, 2002) This 5.5 mile circular walk takes you from the village of Belstone, past intriguing Irish Man's Wall, over the hill and across a ford to Taw Plain. Clifford Bridge. 37 pp. Lethbridge p.34-35. (2010). Mesolithic tools are very distinctive consisting of much smaller flint tools than found during the Palaeolithic. 5Petit p.14 So, taking an archaeological as well as phenomenological approach, we will journey together (sometimes in silence and sometimes sharing our experiences) through this wild and beautiful landscape asking questions of the ancestors, stones, and land along the way. Prijava. 1,652 Sq. Finish Steps Bridge. The Dartmoor stone circles are around 20-40 metres in diameter and typically consist of small stones enclosing a flat interior located on very gently inclined slopes. Once through the wall carry on with the forest on your right side along the wide well defined bridle path running parallel with the forest but a hundred yards from it. See The Disappearing Stone Monuments of Dartmoor T.D.A. There are many great guides to walking on Dartmoor, many include descriptions of these sites, but it is difficult to find guides specifically for those wanting to visit these sites. The outer ring of Yellowmead is the largest by diameter of these examples with a diameter that approaches 20 metres. Burnard, Robert, The Disappearing Stone Monuments of Dartmoor T.D.A. 1 miles (1.8 km) This walk visits the Scorhill Stone Circle and the Wallabrook Clapper Bridge in the Teign Valley of Dartmoor . They often form part of a larger ceremonial complex that includes stone rows, burial chambers, and standing stones. Vol. With such lack of precision in their construction it would seem most unlikely that they had an astronomical purpose. Park in the carpark opposite Belstone Village Hall - marked 'P' on the OS map at SX621938. from the northeast side and 0.3m high, is angled towards the circle and may be quite unassociated". It is clear that many settlements were built long after nearby stone rows, for example the enclosures known as Erme Pound Rings were built with total disregard for the Hook Lake double stone row which is partially incorporated into one of the enclosure walls19. Stringer, Chris Homo Britannicus - The Incredible Story of Human Life in Britain (Penguin, 2006) measured from northeast to southwest and 18.0m from northwest to southeast. Newman p. 26 refers to c 4000 BC - 2000 BC. The moorland landscape we see today is a direct consequence of this period. Worth, although not confirmed since, there was "a small cairn between five and six yards in from the southern edge" and also there is a companion circle a short distance on the slope westward, 60 feet in diameter consisting of four stones with a possible large central pillar, see T.D.A. Many appear to have been located to give the most impressive vista on approach, the Buttern Hill circle would have been silhouetted on the skyline when approached from the south, on the other hand the Little Hound Tor circle when approached from the west only comes to view at a distance of 100m. No dating evidence was found but pollen analysis suggested the row and accompanying cairn circle had been built in a forest clearing.24, The exact purpose of stone circles remains unknown. After viewing the stone walk upstream and using the two bridges cross the Wallabrook and the North Teign river. At the top of the hill you can see Fernworthy Forest ahead of you and to the right of the forest is the small group of trees at Teignhead Farm. 14Gerrard p.37 Many of the monumental sites on Dartmoor were partially or totally reconstructed by the Dartmoor Preservation Committee in the early twentieth century. (Red route: 5-mile deviation) By turning off early and going straight to Oke Tor, returning the same way . 117 January 2014. Over Great Staple Tor. Only 34 stones remain of the original 65, and only 25 of those are standing . Trees only remained in the lowland river valleys and peat bogs started to form probably as a direct consequence of this landscape manipulation by humans in the Mesolithic period11. The Best Walks In Dartmoor National Park Covid19 Hikers' Tips 1. Nearer is the narrow fir plantation leading down into the valley of the North Teign River, the trees leading right down to the location of the Tolmen Stone which is on our route shortly. The Nine Maidens Stone Circle. It is 20m in diameter and consists of 27 small stones. View more recently sold homes. It would seem that most major prehistoric settlements on Dartmoor would have had their own monuments just as most villages in the historic period would have a local church, a centre for religious, ceremonial and social gatherings. Six stones remain upright and another 16 lie roughly in place. The largest by diameter are the Mardon Down stone circle (38.2 m) and the Grey Wethers (North 32.2 & South 33.6), the smallest are the Shovel Down (17.7 m) and Merrivale (19 m) circles. The two close-set NE stones display smaller packing stones in the erosion hollows at their bases. They are known as Grey Wethers as, it is said. MARIGOLD AVE AND STEPPING STONE BLVD. Free Walk for download. Use Ordnance Survey Map of Dartmoor OL 28 1:25,000. It is about 1km from the Grey Wethers which are to the ENE. 17Baring-Gould Fifth Report of the Dartmoor Exploration Committee, T.D.A. Dartmoor has a particularly rich abundance of settlements, monuments and ritual sites dating from prehistoric times. A further six recumbent stones lie where they have fallen. Two settlements are thought to be early Neolithic, these are found on the hilltops of White Tor and Dewerstone. 25, The location of the stone circles varies greatly. I'm not kidding when I say I experienced all the seasons during the hike to these stones. The original circle appears to have been c. 30m across, although no stones appear to the west of the old wall. There are also multiple stone circle groups in Cornwall such as the three stone circles known as The Hurlers on Bodmin. Langstone Moor stone circle was restored in 1894. Car Sharing - Please car share in your bubbles where possible. Flint tools found recently in Norfolk show that there were humans there around 900,000 years ago1. Brisworthy was excavated and underwent major reconstruction carried out by Breton and the Barrow Committee in 1909. During the ice ages the region became unpopulated. No. Now continue over the hill walking parallel with the edge of the forest on your left using one of the well-defined paths. With the notable exception of the Scorhill stone circle most of the stone circles were in a poor state of disrepair with most of the stones fallen and worse still the monuments had been robbed as a source of stone for newtake walls and gateposts and some Dartmoor monuments were still prone to being robbed by road builders.13 The Langstone Moor circle was one of the first to be restored for this reason (see Extract from Second Report of the Dartmoor Exploration Committee). CANCELLATION: The event will go ahead come rain or shine. It is now a boundary marker. 5727 Dartmoor Cir is a 2,136 square foot house on a 7,560 square foot lot with 4 bedrooms and 3 bathrooms. Gerrard, Sandy, English Heritage Book of Dartmoor: Landscapes Through Time, (1997) Walk through an ancient and ritual Dartmoor landscape. This home is currently off market - it last sold on December 12, 2002 for $410,000. There are great views of the site from Hookney Tor and the high ground on Hameldown. Dartmoor has long been known for the richness of its prehistoric heritage; stone circles, hut circles, massive burial cairns, and stone rows all pepper the landscape. In the 1970s a new dimension was added, with the recognition that the long-ignored reaves (ruined walls) are also prehistoric; Dartmoor now posed all sorts of questions about the . As soon as you enter the trees the path takes you up and slightly to the right past a large moss covered rock. 10White p. 4 10Butler (1997) p.145 In the case of Shovel Down the excavation of the nearby Roundy Pound showed evidence of iron working and the extensive reave and field system in the area between Shovel Down and Kestor would suggest the area was occupied during the late Bronze Age and through to the Iron Age.21, Whilst specific dating evidence of Dartmoor Stone Circles is lacking there is evidence from other archaeological excavations which might throw some light on the context of the stone circles. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. The stone circles of the British Isles are thought to have an indigenous origin and date from around 2500 - 1300 B.C1. At this time there was a rapid period of deforestation and grasses and bracken appear in the pollen records indicating a period of deforestation at the tree line. Circle consists of 30 recumbent stones and has a diameter of 32m. Join us for a virtual walk through Dartmoor stone circles. Fox, A Excavations at KestorT.D.A Vol. Some of the stone circles seen on the moor are believed to have been for purely ceremonial purposes. Walking on Dartmoor Explore the beauty of the moors There are lots of ways to explore and enjoy Devon and Dartmoor, whether on foot, by bike or on the back of a horse; but by far the most popular is by walking. The mild hospitable climate of the Bronze Age deteriorated after a few thousand years leaving these areas uninhabited and consequently relatively undisturbed to the present day. The walk is divided into six stages and is signed en route, apart from on the moorland itself, where the tramway is still visible and therefore self-evident.

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