Especially in his works of fiction, Steinbeck was highly conscious of religion and incorporated it into his style and themes. (2) $2.50. According to The New York Times, it was the best-selling book of 1939 and 430,000 copies had been printed by February 1940. [30] However, in 1951, Steinbeck republished the narrative portion of the book as The Log from the Sea of Cortez, under his name only (though Ricketts had written some of it). "Complete List of John Steinbeck's Books." 13. Most of Steinbeck's work is set in central California, particularly in the Salinas Valley and the California Coast Ranges region. 27 February 1902 - 20 December 1968. The Log portion that Steinbeck wrote (from Ed's notes) in 1940 - at the same time working on a film in Mexico, The Forgotten Village - contains his and Ed's philosophical musings, his ecological perspective, as well as keen observations on Mexican peasantry, hermit crabs, and "dryball" scientists. Sweet Thursday, sequel to Cannery Row, was written as a musical comedy that would resolve Ed Ricketts's loneliness by sending him off into the sunset with a true love, Suzy, a whore with a gilded heart. Steinbeck didn't succeed in publishing his work at first, so he returned to California and worked as a tour guide and caretaker at Lake Tahoe in 1928. Context overview. Steinbeck's last novel. Steinbeck's early work and writing as an independent adult were varied and difficult. In that month, it won the National Book Award, favorite fiction book of 1939, voted by members of the American Booksellers Association. Born in Salinas, California, John Steinbeck would go on to win a Nobel Prize in 1962. https://www.thoughtco.com/john-steinbeck-list-of-works-741494 (accessed March 4, 2023). He arrived in the United States in 1858, shortening the family name to Steinbeck. Hopkins Marine Station [10][16][17] They married in January 1930 in Los Angeles, where, with friends, he attempted to make money by manufacturing plaster mannequins. 2. Steinbeck's biographer, Jay Parini, says Steinbeck's friendship with President Lyndon B. Johnson[71] influenced his views on Vietnam. Ed Ricketts, patient and thoughtful, a poet and a scientist, helped ground the author's ideas. Later he used actual American conditions and events in the first half of the 20th century, which he had experienced first-hand as a reporter. [37][38], Travels with Charley: In Search of America is a travelogue of his 1960 road trip with his poodle Charley. His third wife, Elaine, was buried in the plot in 2004. Furthermore, in most of his fiction Steinbeck includes a "Doc" figure, a wise observer of life who epitomizes the idealized stance of the non-teleological thinker: Doc Burton in In Dubious Battle, Slim in Of Mice and Men, Casy in The Grapes of Wrath, Lee in East of Eden, and of course "Doc" himself in Cannery Row (1945) and the sequel, the rollicking Sweet Thursday (1954). He had written to his doctor that he felt deeply "in his flesh" that he would not survive his physical death, and that the biological end of his life was the final end to it.[30]. "[16][41] In his acceptance speech later in the year in Stockholm, he said: the writer is delegated to declare and to celebrate man's proven capacity for greatness of heart and spiritfor gallantry in defeat, for courage, compassion and love. In 1935, having finally published his first popular success with tales of Monterey's paisanos, Tortilla Flat, Steinbeck, goaded by Carol, attended a few meetings of nearby Carmel's John Reed Club. Steinbeck followed this wave of success with The Grapes of Wrath (1939), based on newspaper articles about migrant agricultural workers that he had written in San Francisco. In 1958 the street that Steinbeck described as "Cannery Row" in the novel, once named Ocean View Avenue, was renamed Cannery Row in honor of the novel. "[2] He has been called "a giant of American letters. Steinbeck, John Steinbeck IV and Nancy (2001). In the Nobel Prize presentation speech the next year, however, the Swedish Academy cited it most favorably: "Here he attained the same standard which he set in The Grapes of Wrath. I'm frightened at the rolling might of this damned thing. Steinbeck is most known for his iconic novel, The Grapes of Wrath, 1939, which described in detail the migration of the Joad family from their dust storm devastated farm land to California seeking work and eventually, they hoped, to accumulate enough money to buy land in this presumed mecca. For other people with this surname, see, Introduction to 'The Grapes of Wrath' Penguin edition (1192) by Robert DeMott. In these late years, in fact since his final move to New York in 1950, many accused John Steinbeck of increasing conservatism. | The American Presidency Project", "John Steinbeck's Roots in Nineteenth-Century Palestine", Burial in timeline at this site, taken from '''Steinbeck: A Life in Letters''', Steinbecks work banned in Mississippi 2003, "100 Most Frequently banned books in the U.S.", "Pulitzer Prize-Winning Author Gets 'Stamp of Approval', Steinbeck inducted into California Hall of Fame, "Google Doodle Celebrates John Steinbeck", "John Steinbeck: Google Doodle pays tribute to author on 112th anniversary", "Google Doodle celebrates the work of John Steinbeck", "Signs up marking 'John Steinbeck Highway', "Remembering John Steinbeck, a great American writer", "Recent Acquisitions: John Steinbeck's Cold War Armenian Legacy", "John Steinbeck, Michael Moore, and the Burgeoning Role of Planetary Patriotism", "The Grapes of Wrath: Literary Criticism & Critical Analysis", "John Steinbeck, The Art of Fiction No. short for ''We Poke Along,'' he was ashamed of working as a . With John Malkovich, Gary Sinise, Ray Walston, Casey Siemaszko. There he learned of the harsher aspects of the migrant life and the darker side of human nature, which supplied him with material expressed in Of Mice and Men. The town of Monterey has commemorated Steinbeck's work with an avenue of flags depicting characters from Cannery Row, historical plaques, and sculptured busts depicting Steinbeck and Ricketts. And I shall keep these two separate." [28], Of the controversy, Steinbeck wrote, "The vilification of me out here from the large landowners and bankers is pretty bad. The following year, 1962, Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature; the day after the announcement the New York Times ran an editorial by the influential Arthur Mizener, "Does a Writer with a Moral Vision of the 1930s Deserve the Nobel Prize?" His mother, the strong-willed Olive Hamilton Steinbeck, was a former teacher. During the 1930s, he produced most of his famous novels ("To a God Unknown," "Tortilla Flat," "In Dubious Battle," "Of Mice and Men," and his Pulitzer Prize-winning "The Grapes of Wrath"). The Beebe windmill replica already had a plaque memorializing the author who wrote from a small hut overlooking the cove during his sojourn in the literary haven. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962. Maybe you've been working excitedly on your novel, but suddenly have absolutely no idea how the story . The National Steinbeck Center, two blocks away at 1 Main Street is the only museum in the U.S. dedicated to a single author. According to Thomas, a true artist is one who "without a thought for self, stands up against the stones of condemnation, and speaks for those who are given no real voice in the halls of justice, or the halls of government. John Steinbeck attends classes at Stanford University, leaving without a degree. Lombardi, Esther. Was he alive then? Steinbeck himself wrote the scripts for the film versions of his stories The Pearl (1948) and The Red Pony (1949). The novel won the Pulitzer Prize in 1940 and catapulted Steinbeck into his generation's literary elite. It is commonly considered his greatest work. Their coauthored book, Sea of Cortez (December 1941), about a collecting expedition to the Gulf of California in 1940, which was part travelogue and part natural history, published just as the U.S. entered World War II, never found an audience and did not sell well. John Steinbeck and Ernest Hemingway did not know each other personally, although they had a number of friends, such as the photographer Robert Capa, in common. He lived in modest houses all his life, caring little for lavish displays of power or wealth. Steinbeck bemoans his lost youth and roots, while dispensing both criticism and praise for the United States. "I remember where a toad may live and what time the birds awaken in the summer-and what trees and seasons smelled like." The musical version by Rodgers and Hammerstein, Pipe Dream , was one of the team's few failures. Written by American author John Steinbeck, Of Mice and Men was first published in 1937. He wrote the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Grapes of Wrath (1939) and the novella Of Mice and Men (1937). As a child growing up in the fertile Salinas Valley called the "Salad Bowl of the Nation" Steinbeck formed a deep appreciation of his environment, not only the rich fields and hills surrounding Salinas, but also the nearby Pacific coast where his family spent summer weekends. A website devoted to Sea of Cortez literature, with information on Steinbeck's expedition. Three adjectives to describe Steinbeck's life: Two adjectives to describe Steinbeck's literary works: One meaningful quote from this author:JOHN STEINBECK He explored his surroundings, walking across local forests, fields, and farms. In 1948, the year the book was published, Steinbeck was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters. I hold that a writer who does not believe in the perfectibility of man has no dedication nor any membership in literature. Steinbeck traveled to Cuernavaca,[36] Mexico for the filming with Wagner who helped with the script; on this trip he would be inspired by the story of Emiliano Zapata, and subsequently wrote a film script (Viva Zapata!) When Strasberg died in 1982, his wife, Anna, took control of Monroe's estate. future of pta profession 2022; emmy awards 2022 winners; property management section 8 fresno, ca. Western History Association President David Wrobel talked about novelist John Steinbeck's work in relation to the American West from the New Deal to the Great Society. Immediately after completing Winter , the ailing novelist proposed "not a little trip of reporting," he wrote to his agent Elizabeth Otis, "but a frantic last attempt to save my life and the integrity of my creativity pulse." Steinbeck distanced himself from religious views when he left Salinas for Stanford. 1925 John Steinbeck, in full John Ernst Steinbeck, (born February 27, 1902, Salinas, California, U.S.died December 20, 1968, New York, New York), American novelist, best known for The Grapes of Wrath (1939), which summed up the bitterness of the Great Depression decade and aroused widespread sympathy for the plight of migratory farmworkers. John Steinbeck died on December 20th, 1968 at the age of 66 in New York City. [10] The Steinbecks were members of the Episcopal Church,[11] although Steinbeck later became agnostic. Steinbecks later writingswhich include Travels with Charley: In Search of America (1962), about Steinbecks experiences as he drove across the United Stateswere interspersed with three conscientious attempts to reassert his stature as a major novelist: Burning Bright (1950), East of Eden (1952), and The Winter of Our Discontent (1961). [65], Steinbeck's contacts with leftist authors, journalists, and labor union figures may have influenced his writing. [57], Steinbeck was inducted in to the DeMolay International Hall of Fame in 1995.[58]. The rise to iconic status as the conscience of a new mainstream. Steinbeck often felt misunderstood by book reviewers and critics, and their barbs rankled the sensitive writer, and would throughout his career. [40] The shaping of his characters often drew on the Bible and the theology of Anglicanism, combining elements of Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. Brown never published the memoir, for unknown reasons. Corrections? [W]e think it interesting that the laurel was not awarded to a writer whose significance, influence and sheer body of work had already made a more profound impression on the literature of our age". Following the success of Viva Zapata!, Steinbeck collaborated with Kazan on the 1955 film East of Eden, James Dean's movie debut. 4. . You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. He was a writer, but he was that and nothing else" (Benson 69). Three "play-novelettes" ran on Broadway: Of Mice and Men, The Moon Is Down, and Burning Bright, as did the musical Pipe Dream. He wrote Alfred Hitchcock's movie, Lifeboat (1944), and with screenwriter Jack Wagner, A Medal for Benny (1945), about paisanos from Tortilla Flat going to war. His father, John Ernst Steinbeck, was not a terribly successful man; at one time or another he was the manager of a Sperry flour plant, the owner of a feed and grain store, the treasurer of Monterey County. A child of proud Massachusetts Republicans who had called the W.P.A. The following are 11 realities about Steinbeck's life and profession. What the author sees as dubious about the struggle between organizers and farmers is not who will win but how profound is the effect on the workers trapped in between, manipulated by both interests. The author abandoned the field, exhausted from two years of research trips and personal commitment to the migrants' woes, from the five-month push to write the final version, from a deteriorating marriage to Carol, and from an unnamed physical malady. He wrote a series of short stories set in his hometown of Monterrey, California, about the harsh lives of migrant workers there. He was, and is now recognized as, an environmental writer. Grapes was controversial. The New York Times asked why the Nobel committee gave the award to an author whose "limited talent is, in his best books, watered down by tenth-rate philosophising", noting that "[T]he international character of the award and the weight attached to it raise questions about the mechanics of selection and how close the Nobel committee is to the main currents of American writing. In 1938, Steinbeck, who thought the confrontations between the migrants and the landowners' squads of vigilante enforcers could escalate into civil war, began work on a novel about the situation, focusing it on the oppressive tactics of the big farm interests. The Wayward Bus (1947), a "cosmic Bus," sputtered as well. Both the text and the critically-acclaimed 1937 Broadway play (which won the 1937-1938 New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for best play) made Steinbeck a household name, assuring his popularity and, for some, his infamy. In May 1948, Steinbeck returned to California on an emergency trip to be with his friend Ed Ricketts, who had been seriously injured when a train struck his car. [41] The reaction of American literary critics was also harsh. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. East of Eden, an ambitious epic about the moral relations between a California farmer and his two sons, was made into a film in 1955. Wherever it was, a deep and trusting friendship evolved that shaped both their lives, and certainly helped make Steinbeck the writer he became. John's mother, Olive Hamilton (18671934), a former school teacher, shared Steinbeck's passion for reading and writing. ThoughtCo. At age fourteen he decided to be a writer and spent hours as a teenager living in a world of his own making, writing stories and poems in his upstairs bedroom. Knowing a man well never leads to hate and nearly always leads to love. Examine why its content sparked backlash, censorship through bans, and even . Early critics dismissed as incoherent the two-stranded story of the Hamiltons, his mother's family, and the Trasks, "symbol people" representing the story of Cain and Abel; more recently critics have come to recognize that the epic novel is an early example of metafiction, exploring the role of the artist as creator, a concern, in fact, in many of his books. The Grapes of Wrath was banned by school boards: in August 1939, the Kern County Board of Supervisors banned the book from the county's publicly funded schools and libraries. Upon returning home, Steinbeck was confronted by Gwyn, who asked for a divorce, which became final in October. This ban lasted until January 1941. In 2013, the Nobel Prize committee revealed that the author had been a "compromise choice," chosen from a "bad lot" where none of the authors stood out. He joined the League of American Writers, a Communist organization, in 1935. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [14] He later labored with migrant workers on Spreckels sugar beet farms. Immediately after returning to the States, a shattered Steinbeck wrote a nostalgic and lively account of his days on Cannery Row, Cannery Row (1945). John Ernst Steinbeck Jr. (/ s t a n b k /; February 27, 1902 - December 20, 1968) was an American writer and the 1962 Nobel Prize in Literature winner "for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humor and keen social perception." He has been called "a giant of American letters." The short stories were mainly about rural life in California. Never a partisan novel, it dissects with a steady hand both the ruthlessness of the strike organizers and the rapaciousness of the greedy landowners. The story first appeared in the December 1945 issue of Woman's Home Companion magazine as "The Pearl of the World". [41] Steinbeck, when asked on the day of the announcement if he deserved the Nobel, replied: "Frankly, no. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). It was, like the best of Steinbeck's novels, informed in part by documentary zeal, in part by Steinbeck's ability to trace mythic and biblical patterns. Steinbeck wrote two more stage plays (The Moon Is Down and Burning Bright). In the 1950s and 1960s he published scores of journalistic pieces: "Making of a New Yorker," "I Go Back to Ireland," columns about the 1956 national political conventions, and "Letters to Alicia," a controversial series about a 1966 White House-approved trip to Vietnam where his sons were stationed. He wrote the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Grapes of Wrath, published in 1939 and the novella Of Mice and Men, published in 1937. Perhaps his writing suffered as a result; some claim that even East of Eden, his most ambitious post-Grapes novel, cannot stand shoulder to shoulder with his searing social novels of the 1930s. John Ernst Steinbeck III is born in Salinas, California. He set out to write a "biography of a strikebreaker," but from his interviews with a hounded organizer hiding out in nearby Seaside, he turned from biography to fiction, writing one of the best strike novels of the 1900s, In Dubious Battle. Names of two other important works by Steinbeck and their genres: Four interesting facts I learned about John Steinbeck. In 1930, Steinbeck met the marine biologist Ed Ricketts, who became a close friend and mentor to Steinbeck during the following decade, teaching him a great deal about philosophy and biology. However, the work he produced still reflected the language of his childhood at Salinas, and his beliefs remained a powerful influence within his fiction and non-fiction work. Steinbeck wrote 31 books over the course of his career. [21] To a God Unknown, named after a Vedic hymn,[16] follows the life of a homesteader and his family in California, depicting a character with a primal and pagan worship of the land he works. Steinbeck nicknamed his truck Rocinante after Don Quixote's "noble steed". It was presumed that the unnamed country of the novel was Norway and the occupiers the Germans. [33], Steinbeck's close relations with Ricketts ended in 1941 when Steinbeck moved away from Pacific Grove and divorced his wife Carol. His most famous works include Of Mice and Men (1937), The Grapes of Wrath (1939) and East of Eden (1952). To commemorate the 112th anniversary of Steinbeck's birthday on February 27, 2014, Google displayed an interactive doodle utilizing animation which included illustrations portraying scenes and quotes from several novels by the author. View / Buy On Amazon. And with status came political opportunities that seemed out of step for a "radical" of the 1930s: he initially defended Lyndon Johnson's views on the war with Vietnam (dying before he could, as he wished, qualify his initial responses). In 1952, John Steinbeck appeared as the on-screen narrator of 20th Century Fox's film, O. Henry's Full House. Those relationships, coupled with an early sympathy for the weak and defenseless, deepened his empathy for workers, the disenfranchised, the lonely and dislocated, an empathy that is characteristic in his work. With Viva Zapata!, East of Eden, Burning Bright and later The Winter of Our Discontent (1961), Steinbeck's fiction becomes less concerned with the behavior of groups - what he called in the 1930s "group man" - and more focused on an individual's moral responsibility to self and community. His was not a man-dominated universe, but an interrelated whole, where species and the environment were seen to interact, where commensal bonds between people, among families, with nature were acknowledged. The Pastures of Heaven, published in 1932, consists of twelve interconnected stories about a valley near Monterey, which was discovered by a Spanish corporal while chasing runaway Indian slaves. [35] It was at that time he became friends with Will Lang, Jr. of Time/Life magazine. Steinbeck was determined to participate in the war effort, first doing patriotic work (The Moon Is Down, 1942, a play-novelette about an occupied Northern European country, and Bombs Away, 1942, a portrait of bomber trainees) and then going overseas for the New York Herald Tribune as a war correspondent. "[41], Although modest about his own talent as a writer, Steinbeck talked openly of his own admiration of certain writers. During World War II Steinbeck wrote some effective pieces of government propaganda, among them The Moon Is Down (1942), a novel of Norwegians under the Nazis, and he also served as a war correspondent. 1. Set in La Paz, Mexico, The Pearl (1947), a "folk tale. The family farm in Heiligenhaus, Mettmann, Germany, is still named "Grosteinbeck". During the Great Depression, Steinbeck bought a small boat, and later claimed that he was able to live on the fish and crabs that he gathered from the sea, and fresh vegetables from his garden and local farms. Steinbeck's wife began working at the lab as secretary-bookkeeper. side hustle quiz nickelodeon john steinbeck title of breakout work. Reviewers seemed doggedly either to misunderstand his biological naturalism or to expect him to compose another strident social critique like The Grapes of Wrath. John Steinbeck (1902 - 1968) was an American writer best known for his novels about the social consequences of the Great Depression in America. [32] With his second wife Steinbeck had two sons, Thomas ("Thom") Myles Steinbeck (19442016) and John Steinbeck IV (19461991). [51][52] In 2003, a school board in Mississippi banned it on the grounds of profanity. Omissions? [20], Steinbeck's first novel, Cup of Gold, published in 1929, is loosely based on the life and death of privateer Henry Morgan. "In a sense it will be two books," he wrote in his journal (posthumously published in 1969 as Journal of a Novel: The "East of Eden" Letters) as he began the final draft in 1951, "the story of my country and the story of me. It is completely out of hand; I mean a kind of hysteria about the book is growing that is not healthy. Steinbeck's 1948 book about their experiences, A Russian Journal, was illustrated with Capa's photos. In 1957 he published the satiric The Short Reign of Pippin IV, a tale about the French Monarchy gaining ascendancy. About the same time, Steinbeck recorded readings of several of his short stories for Columbia Records; the recordings provide a record of Steinbeck's deep, resonant voice. In fact, neither during his life nor after has the paradoxical Steinbeck been an easy author to pigeonhole personally, politically, or artistically. View All Result . Although he found the group's zealotry distasteful, he, like so many intellectuals of the 1930s, was drawn to the communists' sympathy for the working man. It was critically acclaimed[21] and Steinbeck's 1962 Nobel Prize citation called it a "little masterpiece". "My canine ate my work" is most likely the most established excuse in the book-however for Steinbeck, it was valid. John Steinbeck by McFadden Publications from Wikimedia commons. Sometimes strategies #1 and #2 don't work. The Pearl is a novella by the American author John Steinbeck. ThoughtCo, Apr. John Steinbeck (1902-1968) was an American novelist, playwright, essayist, and short-story writer. Steinbeck spent the year after Ricketts' death in deep depression. In the fiction of his last two decades, however, Steinbeck never ceased to take risks, to stretch his conception of the novel's structure, to experiment with the sound and form of language. Dolittle has the extraordinary gift of being able to talk the animals and understand them. John Steinbeck's 'The Grapes of Wrath', was a controversial novel especially around the time of its publication in 1939. Farm workers in California suffered. Sandwich Feedback Technique, Arizona Teaching Jobs Salary, Dealing With My Stress Dealing With Your Stress, Dragon Age Inquisition Mods Nexus, Mass Effect 2 Characters, Mn County Fairs Cancelled 2021, Nitto Atp Finals 2017 Results, Rolls-royce Electric Plane Battery, He wrote a handful of stories in the next few years but found his first major success in 1935 with Tortilla Flat, which won the California Commonwealth Club's Gold Medal. [30], On February 27, 1979 (the 77th anniversary of the writer's birth), the United States Postal Service issued a stamp featuring Steinbeck, starting the Postal Service's Literary Arts series honoring American writers. Quipped New York Times critic Lewis Gannett, there is, in Sea of Cortez, more "of the whole man, John Steinbeck, than any of his novels": Steinbeck the keen observer of life, Steinbeck the scientist, the seeker of truth, the historian and journalist, the writer. [citation needed], In the 1930s and 1940s, Ed Ricketts strongly influenced Steinbeck's writing. The story, first published in 1947, follows a pearl diver, Kino, and explores man's purpose as well as greed, defiance of societal norms, and evil. The Grapes of Wrath was a cause celebre. He also wrote an article series called The Harvest Gypsies for the San Francisco News about the plight of the migrant worker. Although he had not achieved the status of a well-known writer, he never doubted that he would achieve greatness. Lombardi, Esther. He wrote a total of 27 books, including 16 novels, six non-fiction books, and five collections of short stories. 5.0. After publishing some novels and short stories, Steinbeck first became widely known with Tortilla Flat (1935), a series of humorous stories about Monterey paisanos. One evening, after being left alone for a long time, his adored Irish . Valleys in which the fruit blossoms are fragrant pink and white waters in a shallow sea. It was precisely because the committee made its judgment on its own criteria, rather than plugging into 'the main currents of American writing' as defined by the critical establishment, that the award had value. Book title: Four interesting facts I learned about John Steinbeck: 1. Reviews noted this as another slim volume by a major author of whom more was expected. While studying at Stanford University, he worked during breaks and summers in farm fields that cultivated sugar beets and other crops. 8, 2021, thoughtco.com/john-steinbeck-list-of-works-741494. His best-known work includes "Of Mice and Men" and "The Grapes of Wrath.". John Ernst Steinbeck (February 27 1902 - December 20 1968) was one of the best-known and most widely read American writers of the twentieth century. As always, he wrote reams of letters to his many friends and associates. Oklahoma congressman Lyle Boren said that the dispossessed Joad's story was a "dirty, lying, filthy manuscript." Esther Lombardi, M.A., is a journalist who has covered books and literature for over twenty years. In 1943, Steinbeck served as a World War II war correspondent for the New York Herald Tribune and worked with the Office of Strategic Services (predecessor of the CIA). [16], Steinbeck graduated from Salinas High School in 1919 and went on to study English literature at Stanford University near Palo Alto, leaving without a degree in 1925. [39], Steinbeck's last novel, The Winter of Our Discontent (1961), examines moral decline in the United States. 1. john steinbeck first breakout workgriffin johnson scholarship wendy jo footloose character description.

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