Its also the surgery of choice for obese dogs, athletes, and those who have torn or damaged both CCLs. Lateral Suture Technique: $995 USD. Finding affordable options for ACL surgery for your dog can be a daunting task, as these procedures can be quite costly. Medically necessary amputations. Bolognese is pretty calm and does not need a lot of exercise. Many animal shelters have programs in place to help pet owners who are unable to afford medical care for their pets. Its important to note that overall costs will likely be even higher due to the necessary diagnostics and postoperative care. ","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"ACL surgery can get quite expensive up to $4,500 for the TPLO or TTA options. Acupuncture for dogs is performed by a veterinary acupuncturist, which can come recommended by your primary vet. If you have it already, pet insurance may cover a portion or all of CCL surgery costs. For example, paracetamol is highly toxic to cats and ibuprofen is very toxic to cats and dogs. Its easy to confuse the cranial cruciate ligament with the caudal cruciate ligament, as they sound somewhat similar. The Michigan Humane veterinary clinics are led by teams of highly-skilled, compassionate medical professionals who truly care about your pet's health and well-being. What are the risks of ACL surgery for dogs? Tests your pets blood chemistry levels and hematology. away from dog. Its also important to avoid long walks or other strenuous activities. The least expensive option is the lateral suture (ELSS) which hovers around $1,000 or $2,000, but this surgery is most often performed on small dogs under 35 pounds. CCL surgery, or ACL surgery, can be performed to repair this ligament. ACL - Cruciate Ligament Repair Amputation Leg Amputation Tail Amputation Toe Cherry Eye Removal Cryptorchid Neuter C-Section Dental Procedure Declining X-rays (includes extractions and bloodwork) There is one type where they go under his skin and place a support across his knee which is less invasive, but may cause inflammation down the road (not a huge fan of this idea). I would make the same decision in a heartbeat, hands down. However, some veterinary clinics may charge more or less. After all, an ACL injury in dogs usually results in lameness in one of their hind legs. Thanks again, Coleman, Joy, Taylor, and Kendall Smith (and especially Luna!). While surgery is often the go-to option for ACL injuries, it is not always necessary or feasible. Sometimes breeds and genetics can play a role in ACL tears, as they seem to be more commonly found in larger breeds such as English cream golden retrievers and labradors. The two ligaments cross over one another and allow the knee to function properly as a joint. Dr. Elizabeth Racine Small Animal General Practice Veterinarian Posted October 21, 2022 Can I use my flexible spending account (FSA) or health savings account (HSA) to pay for my dogs torn cruciate ligament surgery? Its essential to monitor your dogs weight when they are recovering from a torn ACL. Depending on the type of operation, dog ACL surgery ranges from around $1,000 to up to $5,000. When that is not enough, here is a list of ways a cash-strapped pet owner might raise funds for larger veterinary costs. Dog knee surgeries cost an average of $2,000 to $2,500. Most dogs will return to a good or excellent activity level compared to their normal before the injury. Eye removal. Some shelters and rescues may have programs or partnerships with veterinarians who offer reduced-cost services, including ACL surgery. Tightrope Surgery: $650 USD. Generally, no, you cannot use your FSA or HSA to pay for your dogs torn cruciate ligament surgery. AHS Veterinary Centers offer a range of affordable dental services and specialty surgeries, including: Dental cleanings and extractions. Additionally, the cost of pre-surgical testing and post-surgical care can also affect the overall cost of the surgery. With typically surgeries last 2-3 hours long, most TPLO surgeries cost anywhere between $3,000 to $6,000, including necessary examination and assessments, blood work, anesthesia, anesthesia checking, torment pharmaceutical, performing surgery, post surgery care, and any medicinals needs. I really dont know if the veterinarian is suggesting TTA because is more profitable for him or it is the best for my dog. Pet's stand with their knees slightly bent, so there is m. The average claim paid out for cruciate ligament surgery by the Hollard Insurance company (which underwrites a number of pet insurance brands) was $2,530 in 2016/17, so that should give you a . N To prevent your dog from tearing its cruciate ligament again, its important to follow your veterinarians post-surgery instructions carefully. If you have a furry friend with a torn ACL, you know how heartbreaking it can be to see them in pain. Pet Supply distribution occurs on Wednesday mornings from 9:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. C.A.R.E. Its worth asking your veterinarian about this option if youre unable to pay the full cost upfront. Humans typically injure an ACL playing sports, but this isnt always the case in our four-legged friends. If you notice any of these, contact your veterinarian as soon as possible. At no time should he be allowed to run, jump, or climb stairs until your vet gives you the okay. The cost of torn cruciate ligament surgery for dogs can vary depending on several factors, including the severity of the injury, the size and breed of your dog, and the location of the veterinary clinic. Consider acupuncture Acupuncture and acupressure help increase blood flow, which is great for dogs who might have degenerative muscles due to an ACL tear. While it is possible for a dog to recover from a torn ACL without surgery, its important to note that the recovery process can take several months. Complications can be serious and lead to vet costs much higher than the original concern. The cost of ACL surgery for dogs can vary depending on several factors, including the size and breed of your dog, the location of the veterinary clinic, and the extent of the damage to the knee joint. If surgery isnt an option, consider using a knee brace or some sort of physical therapy to help your dog heal."}}]}. Their energy levels and size mean they are one of the cheapest dogs to feed, which lands them on our list of the most low-cost dog . This cost includes anesthesia, pre and post operative X-Rays, four home visits post operation, and the initial physical therapy session. Watch for any signs of pain or discomfort, and adjust their exercise routine accordingly. Your fur friend will think hes good to run and play with his new bionic joint, but its important to only walk him on a short leash outside, potentially with a haunch-holder for support. TPLO surgery skips the need for a CCL entirely by cutting and rotating the tibia, creating a sliding motion between it and the femur. This involves limiting the dogs activity and providing them with physical therapy to help strengthen the knee and surrounding muscles. The cost may also vary based on the type of surgery performed, such as traditional open surgery or minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery. And that they did. Many dogs heal through surgery alternatives like orthopedic braces and supplements. 11 min read Copyright 2023 by K9 Of Mine / Marrsipan Media LLC |. There are various organizations and foundations that offer financial assistance for pet owners in need of veterinary care. How much does a torn ACL surgery for a dog cost? For Pitbulls, hip dysplasia is one of the most common conditions that will require a surgical procedure to treat. Home / Vet Services / How Much Does ACL Surgery for Dogs Cost? Costs will vary depending on the type . Look into these programs to see if you are eligible for any financial help. Many veterinarians offer payment plans or financing options for expensive procedures like ACL surgery. Nonprofit clinics like Emancipet generally don't offer surgerical procedures except on a case-by-case basis. However, these treatments may not be as effective as surgery and may not provide a long-term solution to the problem. Some pet owners have reported that the clinic can be a bit chaotic, with lots of noise and activity from all the animals. How Much Does Dog Hip Dysplasia Surgery Cost? Can a dog recover from a torn ACL without surgery? Like TPLO, TTA eliminates the CCL by cutting and reconfiguring the front of the tibia. Emancipet provides low-cost veterinary care for dogs and cats. The simplest and least expensive procedure is called extracapsular stabilization/lateral suture, or figure eight technique. Learn what to expect, from treatment options to out-of-pocket costs. To find the web page go to facebook.com and search for Thor Lear, scroll down the page until you find the only video on his page. Unattended, a torn ACL might not properly heal and could lead to arthritis. Typically, the cost includes not only the surgery but also pre-surgical bloodwork, anesthesia . Key factors include: Surgeon (General Practice Vet vs Board Certified Surgeon) The location of the hospital that the procedure is being performed in Your dog's breed and weight The average cost breaks down as follows: United States: US$2,500 - $5,500 UK: 1,750 - 6,000 Australia: AUD$2,500 - $8,364 The cost of each type of surgery may vary, so it is important to discuss your options with your vet to determine which option is best for your dog and your budget. What are some ways to save money on ACL surgery for my dog? Depending on the severity of the injury, there may be less expensive treatment options that can be just as effective as surgery. The vet will examine the injury and recommend a treatment plan. TPLO surgery, which is the most expensive option, involves repositioning the bones in the knee joint and can cost anywhere between $3,000 and $10,000. If left untreated, a torn cruciate ligament can cause long-term pain and mobility issues for your dog. How long will my dog need to stay at the veterinary clinic after torn cruciate ligament surgery? 6. TPLO surgery cost can vary greatly. What should I do if I cant afford the cost of surgery for my dogs torn cruciate ligament? "}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Can a dog live comfortably with a torn ACL? For overweight dogs, a plan is formulated for weight loss as the other knee is at risk for ACL rupture as well. Many dog owners face the same concern. Its worth asking if this is an option for your dogs surgery. Schedule a massage The benefits of a good massage include increased blood flow for healing and ease of stress. Typically, the cost includes not only the surgery but also pre-surgical bloodwork, anesthesia, post-surgical care, and medications. This may involve exercises such as swimming, walking on a treadmill, or range of motion exercises. K9ofMine.com does not intend to provide veterinary advice. Avoid any activities that could put your dog at risk of further injury, such as jumping or running. While this option may not be feasible for everyone, it can be a way to raise the money needed for your dogs surgery. When a dog injures its anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or canine cruciate ligament (CCL), the costs can quickly escalate. Some hospitals may even include post-surgical physical therapy. Ive actually written an entire guide to my journey treating my own dogs ACL injury, from diagnosis to surgery and recovery. When its torn, it results in the tibia sliding forward instead of backward like its supposed to. I thought you'd like to see just how happy she is. These tests will help the veterinarian to identify underlying health issues and help determine which medications are safe and appropriate for your pet. Dr. Allen has been performing ACL surgeries in dogs since 1977. At Low Cost Pet Vet, we provide many veterinary services for dogs and cats. In this procedure, your veterinary surgeon will drill four holes in your dogs tibia and femur and then stabilize the joint by lacing in together with a synthetic ligament. Dogs usually make a full recovery about 6 months after TPLO surgery. It is important to really research . Long wait times One of the downsides of this center is that they may have longer wait times, especially during peak hours. The Animal Medical Center offers a variety of payment options, including financing, to help make the surgery more manageable for pet owners. The clinic has state-of-the-art equipment and technology to ensure the best outcomes for your pet. Our board-certified veterinary surgeons have over 80 years of combined surgical expertise, as well as expertise in a wide range of surgical procedures. The laser treatment as our dog received it, involves short and continual movements over the affected areas. VCA Animal Hospitals offer low-cost ACL surgeries without compromising on quality. Can I negotiate the dog torn cruciate ligament surgery cost with my veterinarian? ACL or CCL surgery is performed to repair the dog's torn cranial cruciate ligament in the dog's knee. Some pet insurance plans cover the cost of ACL surgery, but its essential to check with your insurance provider to ensure that you are covered. Orthopedic Surgery Select Our world class orthopedic care is rooted in six distinctive services: Surgery, Revision, Diagnostics, Emergency, In-hospital Care, and Rehabilitation. The least expensive option is the lateral suture (ELSS) which hovers around $1,000 or $2,000, but this surgery is most often performed on small dogs under 35 pounds. Crowdfunding is another option since many of us pup parents have been in your shoes before and are willing to donate some dollars to help. drill four holes in your dogs tibia and femur, The 10 Best Dog Joint Supplements for Extra Mobility Help. MedVet Medical & Cancer Centers for Pets is a well-known and reputable veterinary center with experienced veterinarians and cutting-edge technology. During the second and third weeks after surgery, you should gradually increase your dogs activity level. What is the average cost of dog torn cruciate ligament surgery? This joint is very similar to an ACL in humans, so a lot of times theyll be used interchangeably. Its possible that you may not get the same level of personalized attention that you would at a smaller, independent vet. Experts in their field, our board-certified veterinary surgeons have trained extensively in all avenues . Experienced veterinarians: The veterinary team at Noahs Ark is highly skilled and experienced in performing ACL surgeries, giving pet owners peace of mind knowing their furry friend is in good hands. Areas covered include ear, nose, and throat, cardiothoracic, hepatic, gastrointestinal, urogenital, skin reconstructive, and oncological surgeries. Our prices for ACL surgery using MMP range from $2,200 - $3,300. Choose pet insurance. Veterinarians use ACL surgery to repair a torn cranial cruciate ligament in your dog's knee. Our total for TPLO surgery at one of the best veterinary hospitals in San Diego, an overnight stay, and various medications totaled about $5000. Some pet owners have reported long wait times at VCA Animal Hospitals, which may be inconvenient for those with busy schedules. I couldn't stomach the high expense of the common TPLO procedure. Dr. Travis Wodiske is experienced and well-versed in the treatment of CCL injuries, and can provide all the details to help you decide which procedure will serve your dog and family the very best. Considering the potential consequences of your dogs ACL not healing properly (arthritis, lameness, injury to their other ACL), surgery has its benefits. Unfortunately, it's possible that your dog may have torn their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). 14 Financial Assistance for Dogs With Cancer, 7 Free or Low Cost Nearby Vets for Dog Broken Leg, 7 Free or Low Cost Nearby Vets for Cat Broken Leg, 19 Pet Surgery Financial Assistance: How Can I Fund, 6 Free or Low Cost Nearby Knee Surgery for Dogs, 8 Free or Low Cost Nearby CCL Surgery for Dogs, 8 Free or Low Cost Nearby Orthopedic Surgery for Dogs, 8 Free or Low Cost Nearby Dog Glaucoma Surgery, 7 Free or Low Cost Nearby Dog Eye Surgery, 8 Free or Low Cost Nearby Cherry Eye Surgery. The cost was a major factor for us at first. You may need to crate your dog or confine them to a specific area of your home to prevent them from running or jumping. Limited services: Although they offer low-cost ACL surgery, they may not offer additional services such as physical therapy or rehabilitation. Unfortunately, many common human products and medications can be very harmful when used on pets. What may start as a minor tear or hyperextension can lead to a complete rupture over time. April 25, 2022 Additionally, the TightRope Technique only costs about half as much as some other procedures. Your veterinarian may recommend gentle exercise, such as short walks on a leash, to help your dog regain their strength and mobility. 4: The back strap consists of two. Are there different types of ACL surgery for dogs? Set up a GoFundMe page, hold a bake sale, or organize other fundraising events to help raise money for your dogs surgery. The first step in helping your dog with a torn ACL is to understand the injury. Some plans may have a waiting period before coverage kicks in, and some may have a maximum limit on the amount of coverage available. brace like a sleeve. However, its always a good idea to check with your account provider to see if there are any exceptions. Your veterinarian will discuss treatment options with you and develop a plan that works best for everyone. Here are a few non-surgical options for how to fix a dogs ACL without going under the knife: Just like in humans, physical therapy can be an effective treatment for ACL injuries in dogs. Some hospitals may even include post-surgical physical therapy. This new configuration helps prevent future joint inflammation and arthritis. So we would like to help other people by showing the videos and letting them contact us too. Keep an eye out for events in your area and consider participating to raise money for your dogs surgery. Dont be afraid to get creative with new toys or games, like guess which hand the treat is in. You could also let him play with relatively calm puzzle toys. Some other risk factors for ACL tears include: Obesity Being overweight adds stress to your dogs joints. Caudal cruciate ligament injuries, including tears and ruptures, can also happen in dogs, but theyre far less common than CCL issues due to the ligaments position. If the cost is too pricey or your vet doesnt think it would be necessary, consider alternatives such as a knee brace. Millie had torn the CCL in both of her back legs, and her surgeonChad E. Spah, DVM, DACVS, at BluePearl Pet Hospital in Des Moinesrecommended the tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) procedure, the most popular type of dog ACL surgery. When he arrives home, hell need to spend a few weeks on crate rest, so you may want to set this up in advance with comfy bedding. Postoperative care following ACL/CCL surgery is definitely not a walk in the park. An artificial bone plate is then screwed into place along the two to stabilize the new joint. K9ofMine.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Some dogs are better candidates for surgeries than others, and sometimes your vet may opt for alternatives before making the call on surgery. Didn't have to schedule a pre op in person visit. Unfortunately, TPLO is also one of the most expensive CCL surgeries, costing between $2500 and $6000. Your email address will not be published. They have a comprehensive care program that includes physical therapy, pain management, and rehabilitation to ensure a full recovery for your furry friend. Some surgeries require post-op physical therapy, too, performed by you, your vet, or a physical therapist. {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"FAQPage","mainEntity":[{"@type":"Question","name":"Is ACL surgery worth it in dogs? Can I prevent my dog from needing ACL surgery in the first place? Nobody likes to see a beloved family member in pain! An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, or cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injury in dogs, can take a lot out of your furry friend. Call 517-353-5420 to schedule an appointment with the Small Animal Clinic. Make sure your dog is eating a healthy diet and is not overeating. Immediately after surgery, your pooch will be outfitted with an e-collar or inflatable neck donut to keep him from lickinghis stitches. Heres how it breaks down: These prices will vary depending on the vets office, and may or may not include pre-operation procedures such as bloodwork or postoperative physical therapy. So, be prepared to wait a while if you plan on bringing your pet in for a procedure. When this ligament is torn, it can cause pain, limping, and difficulty walking. A torn ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) surgery for a dog can cost anywhere from $1,500 to $5,000, depending on the severity of the injury and the location of the surgery. The surgery can be quite expensive, depending on the type of procedure required. Many veterinarians are willing to work with pet owners to find a solution that works for both parties. With a degree in Animal Behaviour and over a decade of practical animal husbandry experience, Hannah's articles cover everything from pet care to wildlife conservation. Some areas have low-cost clinics or spay/neuter clinics that offer discounted rates for medical procedures. Schedule An Appointment With our flexible scheduling and four convenient Arizona locations, it is easy and hassle-free to make an appointment. Typically, the cost includes not only the surgery but also pre-surgical bloodwork, anesthesia, post-surgical care, and medications. However, the risks are generally low when the surgery is performed by a qualified veterinary surgeon and when proper post-surgery care is provided. Its best to have an honest conversation with your veterinarian about your financial situation and explore all possible options. It may be suggested by your veterinary surgeon over TPLO because of the shape of your dogs tibia, too. Hundreds of dogs of all sizes have had this surgery with excellent results. The surgery can be quite stressful on both the dog and dog owner. He is doing great. How can I prepare my dog for torn cruciate ligament surgery? Pet Food Corner - The mission of the Pet Food Corner is to assist unemployed and underemployed families who have trouble feeding and caring for their beloved pets. 8 Free or Low Cost Nearby Heartworm Treatment for Dogs. Limited exercise If your dog doesnt regularly exercise, their muscles grow weak which forces their joints to over-compensate for the loss of stability. The anterior cruciate ligament, more commonly referred to as the ACL (technically known as the cranial cruciate ligament or CCL in dogs), is one of the main ligaments that connect the tibia, or the lower leg bone, to the femur, or the upper leg bone. Pets may also need walking assistance with a sling while they recover. If your furry friend has torn its cruciate ligament, you must be anxious about the surgery cost. Here are some FAQs about the cost of dog ACL surgery. A brace can help hold your dogs joints in place so that they can heal properly. This gradual breakdown of the ligament can occur because of repeated injuries or degeneration. Many surgeries and post-surgical rehabilitation are covered by pet insurance. Betterpet - Advice from veterinarians and actual pet experts. The next five sessions were $200, so it was very reasonable. It is also important to consider the potential cost of not treating the injury, as untreated ACL injuries can lead to further complications and increased long-term costs. Your email address will not be published. Kelsey Leicht Most animals can go home following the procedures, which all take around 2 - 4 hours. . We traveled from Ithaca, 2.5 hr away, and they helped make that very easy for us. They use state-of-the-art equipment and techniques to perform ACL surgeries, ensuring a successful recovery for your pet. We know the price tag of CCL surgery can be daunting. and other local organizations support this area of the pantry with food and supply donations! The cost will come down to the type of surgery, the vet you're using, if there are . Some CCL injury treatments occasionally used are: Never try to self-treat a CCL injury at home. ","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Your dog doesnt need to jump, climb furniture, or run for at least six weeks post-surgery. Well also discuss the cost of dog ACL surgery and the factors that affect pricing. Physical therapy and regular check-ins with your veterinarian will also be necessary to ensure proper healing. The cost includes pre-op blood work, surgery, hospitalization, aftercare, and all medications. The recovery period can be long, and the cost, quite expensive. Just like a torn ACL in a person, these are fairly serious injuries that require time, rest, and immobilization to recover. You can also provide your dog with a comfortable place to rest, such as a soft bed or cushion. We recommend that you talk to one or more of our ACL clients to share their experience which may help you make your decision. All very professional, kind and helpful. My dog needs ACL surgery and I have no money, Seek out organizations that offer financial assistance for pet medical care, Look into getting a second job or selling items, FAQs about average cost of ACL surgery in dogs. These may include maintaining a healthy weight for your dog, providing regular exercise, and avoiding activities that put excessive strain on your dogs knees, such as jumping or running on hard surfaces. Priority is given to critical patients, fracture cases, oncology patients, and out-of-town clients. In this procedure, we place a piece of heavy suture on the outside of the joint to mimic the angle of the torn ACL. If your furry friend has torn their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), they will need surgery to repair the damage. The extra pounds can also make your dogs exercise more strenuous, which may lead them to live a more sedentary lifestyle. Compassionate care: ASPCA is a non-profit organization, so you can trust that they will treat your dog with kindness and compassion, as well as providing top-notch medical care. You have successfully joined our pup pack. Schedule an Appointment. This may include exercises to help improve strength and flexibility in the knee and surrounding muscles. So, your dogs cranial cruciate ligament (the canine equivalent of the ACL) connects to the front of your dogs tibia (toward the head), while the caudal cruciate ligament connects to the back of the bone (toward the tail). Make sure to check it out if youre considering ACL surgery for your dog! How can I ensure that my dogs recovery after torn cruciate ligament surgery is successful? With the cost of referral veterinary care on the rise, our goal is to provide general veterinarians and pet owners an affordable, trustworthy option when it comes to elective orthopedic procedures for their beloved pets. Generally, short walks on a leash are allowed after the first couple of weeks but ask your veterinarian for more advice. Veterinary clinics and hospitals that partner with the AVMF can offer free and low cost veterinary services to clients who cannot afford veterinary care. Tight rope surgery can cost as low as $500 to $1,000 per knee and is actually the least invasive of the surgeries. I would say that I spent about $800 on the gear mentioned above, though these things are not all mandatory. The cost will be determined by the type of surgery and where the surgery is performed. in July. Limited Availability: BluePearl is a chain of clinics and may not have a location near you. Are there any risks associated with torn cruciate ligament surgery for dogs? TPLO Surgery Cost. Does pet insurance cover dog torn cruciate ligament surgery cost? Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a92e34b27a91513f4f7b1741cd671dd6" );document.getElementById("ae31964646").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. ACL surgery has a success rate of about 90%. The length of time that your dog will need to stay at the veterinary clinic after torn cruciate ligament surgery can vary depending on the specific procedure and your dogs individual needs. It is titled ACL Knee Surgery and there is an email address on the web page to contact us should any clients that view it have any questions. 3: Slip your dog's leg into the. In actuality, dogs dont have an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) the way humans do. Dont be afraid to reach out to your community or local animal welfare organizations for help. Additionally, your pet is at risk of tearing their ACL in their other knee due to compensation. If you cant afford the cost of surgery for your dogs torn cruciate ligament, there are some options available to you. Like any surgery, there are risks associated with ACL surgery for dogs. Several veterinary clinics in NYC will offer a package deal for this surgery that is all-inclusive. Primary services include spaying and neutering, deworming, vaccinations, dental cleaning and checkups at very low prices. During this time, its important to continue limiting your dogs activity level and monitor their progress closely. Unlike humans, dogs typically tear their ACL through degradation over time (like from a lifetime of chasing squirrels and jumping frequently) rather than a single blunt injury. Spaying and neutering Researchers are studying the possible relationship between spaying and neutering and ACL injuries. Our orthopedics service provides diagnosis and management of orthopedic problems including traumatic injuries, degenerative joint conditions and developmental abnormalities for cats and dogs. Thank you very much for this article it was very informative and clarify so many things for me. Crowded environment: With a high volume of patients, the hospital may feel crowded and hectic, which could be stressful for some dogs.

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